Institutional change refers to the process of modifying, adapting, or transforming the rules, norms, and practices that govern organizations, societies, or other types of institutions. This research area explores how institutions evolve over time, the factors that drive or hinder institutional change, and the impact of these changes on individuals, organizations, and society as a whole. Scholars in this field analyze various forms of institutional change, such as policy reforms, organizational restructuring, shifts in cultural norms, and political upheavals, to understand how these changes occur and what implications they have for the functioning and stability of institutions. By studying institutional change, researchers seek to uncover patterns, dynamics, and mechanisms that shape the development and transformation of institutions in different contexts and settings.